מסמך משפטי: CUL Or.1080 J290
מסמך משפטי CUL Or.1080 J290תגים
תיאור
Legal document. Location: New Cairo. Dated: end of Tishrei 1351 Seleucid (October 1039 CE). Ṭoviyya b. Yefet ha-Levi and ʿAllūn b. Faraj testify that on the eve of Passover 1350 Seleucid (April 1039 CE), they were present in the house of Sulaymān b. Isḥāq b. Meʾir in New Cairo, when the latter declared that the cantor Khalaf b. Ibrāhīm was free to serve the community and to act as ritual slaughterer, and that Khalaf was no longer subordinate to him. Sulaymān and Khalaf had previously had a legal agreement (qinyan) that Khalaf could not do anything without Sulaymān's permission. The witness ʿAllūn b. Faraj states that there was never a formal qinyan between Sulaymān and Khalaf but rather a muʿāmala; from the context, this must mean something like "informal agreement." A third witness—Salāma b. Nisan ha-Kohen—remembers the event as having taken place in another person's house; his testimony is witnessed by Naḥum b. Ḥayyim. The validation is signed by the judges Efrayim b. Shemarya, Avraham b. Mevasser and Yefet b. David. Goitein suggests that the Khalaf b. Ibrahīm mentioned in this document is the same one who appears in T-S 18J1.6 (PGPID 3523); Lieberman disagrees. (Information in part from Goitein's index card.) Lieberman understands this document very differently, interpreting the term mufāwaḍa as meaning "partnership" rather than "argument" and speculating that Sulaymān may have been the senior partner in an unspecified business partnership with Ṭoviyya, ʿAllūn, and Khalaf. He suggests that Ṭoviyya and ʿAllūn demanded a payout from the partnership, to be distributed by Sulaymān, who refused, claiming that Ṭoviyya and ‘Allūn have received their final settlements, and that Khalaf is free from his obligations to them. Sulaymān and Khalaf terminate their relationship, and the April document is given to Khalaf as proof. ‘Allūn's attestation that Sulaymān and Khalaf had “a joint enterprise (mu‘āmala) and not a qinyan”, complicating the understanding of partnership models in this period; the difference between a mufāwaḍa and a mu‘āmala (or between either of these and a qinyan) is unclear. Immediately below, in different handwriting, appears the testimony of Salāma b. Nissan ha-Kohen to Sulaymān that he (Salama) has made the same statement in a different location, at the home of an elder. In yet another handwriting, the document validates the signatures of Tuviyya and ‘Allūn in the permanent court in Fusṭāṭ some months after their initial testimony was recorded in the home of Sulaymān in Cairo. (Information from Lieberman, "A Partnership Culture", 281–84)
Edition: Ackerman-Lieberman, Phillip
Translation: Ackerman-Lieberman, Phillip (in English)
CUL Or.1080 J290 1r
תיעתוק
Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman, "A Partnership Culture: Jewish Economic and Social Life Seen Through the Legal Documents of the Cairo Geniza" (PhD diss., Princeton University, 2007).Recto
- יקול מן כתב כטה פי אכר הדא אלכתאב מן אלשהוד
- אלמתבתה כטוטהם פיה אנהם חצרו יום ערובה
- אלפסח מן סנה אשנ לשטרות באלקאהרה אל
- מחרוסה פי בית סלימאן בן אסחק בן מאיר וגר[ת
- מפאוצה בינהם ובין סלימאן הדא פי מעני שכ[ואה(?)
- מע כלף בן אברהים אלחזאן ואבא סלימאן דל[ך
- וקאל ללגמאעה אלמכאטבין לה קד אצטלחתם
- מע חזאנכם יעני כלף הדא פימצי וירבח לכם
- ויכרמכם כיף שא פמא בקי לי עליה טלב פי אל
- קנין אלדי כאן ביני ובינה מתקדם אן לא יעמל
- שי אלא באמרי והו פי חל מנה וכתבנא שהא[דה
- במא גרא חגה לכלף הדא אלמדכור ליוע[דנא(??)
- תכלצה מן אלקנין אלדי כאן עליה לסלימאן
- הדא ודלך יום אלאחד סלך תשרי שנת א[שנא
- לשטרות בעיר אלקאהרה הסמוכה
- לפסטאט מצרים דעל נהר נילוס מות[בה
- טוביה בר יפת הלוי עד
- יקול סלאמה כהן בן ניסן אני אחפט עלי סלימן הדא
- דכר פי הדא אלכתאב פי מוצע אכר והו דאר אלשיך א[
- נחום בר חיים עד אתו קדמנא לבית ד[ין
- הקבוע במצרים במותב תלתא כחדא מכלל שהדיא דחתימ[ין
- בכתבא זה [ת]רין שהדיא והון עלון בן פרג וטוביה בר יפת הלוי אלע[דים
- ואחוו לנא [חתמות ידי]הון אשהדותא דא בכיר ידיהון לכן קיימנהו
- כדחזין אפרים זע החבר בסג ברבי שמריה
- בר יחיה עזתי לחיי עד יזכה ננ
- אברהם בר מבשר ננ יפת החזן בר דויד [
Right Margin
- יקול עלון בן פרג אני אעלם אן [[...]] בין כלף החזן ובין סלימאן
- בן יצחק מעאמלה ולא קנין מן ערב פסחים אשנ
תרגום
Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman, "A Partnership Culture: Jewish Economic and Social Life Seen Through the Legal Documents of the Cairo Geniza" (PhD diss., Princeton University, 2007).Recto
- Those who wrote their signatures at the bottom of this document, from among the witnesses whose signature
- has been confirmed, said that they (the witnesses) were present on the eve
- of Pesaḥ of the year 1350 (of the Era) of Documents in Cairo the
- [divinely-]protected, in the home of Suleymān b. Isḥāq b. Meir, and
- a partnership (mufāwaḍa) proceed[ed] between them and this Suleymān, in the matter of […]
- with Khalaf b. Ibrāhīm the Ḥazzan and Suleymān rejected (their claim) ...[…]
- saying to all those whom he addressed, “You have already settled
- with your Ḥazzan—that is, this Khalaf—and he has enriched you
- and bestowed honor upon you as he wished; thus there remains with me no [further] claim for him accompanied by a
- qinyan between me and him in the past that he would not do
- anything without my command, but now he is free from it (my command).” We wrote testify[ing]
- to what happened as proof for the aforementioned Khalaf, in order that he would promise [us]
- freeing him from the qinyan in which he had been obligated to this Suleymān.
- This was on Monday, the last day of Tishri (in) the year 1[351]
- (of the Era) of Documents in the city of Cairo near
- Fusṭāṭ Egypt, situated on the Nile River.
- Tobias b. Japheth ha-Levi Witness.
- Salāma ha-Kohen b. Nisan said, “I remember Suleymān making the
- statement (appearing) in this document in another place, the residence of the Elder A[…]
- Naḥum bar Ḥayim Witness. There came before us in the permanent cour[t]
- in Fusṭāṭ, three (judges speaking) as one, all the witnesses who signed
- this document, two witnesses, who are ‘Allūn b. Faraj and Tobias b. Japheth ha-Levi the witnesses
- and they showed us [their signatur]es on this document, thus we affirmed
- as is fitting. Ephraim (of) e(ternal) m(erit) the Ḥaver of t(he) g(reat) S(anhedrin) b. master Shemariah `Continuation of Ephraim’s name written around l.24: b. Yaḥyā of Gaza may he inherit eternal life (may his) s(oul find) r(est)
- Abraham b. Mevaser m(ay his) s(oul find rest) Japheth the Ḥazzan b. David [may...]
Recto, right margin
- ‘Allūn b. Faraj said, “Indeed, I know that what was between Khalaf the Ḥazzan and Suleymān
- b. Isaac was a joint enterprise (mu‘āmala) and not a qinyan from the eve of Passover 1350.”