Letter: Unknown (excavation images 1966A_P06_15A-16 and 1966A_P06_16A-17)

Letter Unknown (excavation images 1966A_P06_15A-16 and 1966A_P06_16A-17)

What's in the PGP

  • 1 Transcription
  • 1 Translation

Description

Letter from the Muslim landowner and official in Nubia Lāmiʿ b. Ḥasan al-Kanzī to the Nubian eparch Uruwī ibn Khiyākh, the ikhshīl in Ibrīm. Dating: twelfth century. Regarding commercial matters and the treatment of travelers. Lāmiʿ acknowledges having received the eparch's letter about travelers and merchants arriving by boat, and mentions that "the lofty presence" (the eparch) had released the boats, despite rising prices in the region and the fact that travelers have faced hardships and merchants have had to pay high prices for goods—apparently an allusion to the eparch’s intervention to alleviate an economic crisis by granting permission for the shipment of supplies. He then asks that a traveling official named Saʿāda, who is related to someone called "Hero of the Dynasty, Ḥāmid," receive proper treatment and protection from harassment, and not be hindered in matters of "pricing or anything else." Shows the interpenetration of Fatimid and Nubian political authority between the first and second cataracts of the Nile. MR Khan, Qaṣr Ibrīm, doc. 3.

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Transcription
Translation

Unknown (excavation images 1966A_P06_15A-16 and 1966A_P06_16A-17) recto

°
recto
Geoffrey Khan, Arabic Documents from Medieval Nubia (University of Cambridge and Open Book Publishers, 2024).

Recto

  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
  2. اعلم الاكشيل وصاحب الخيل ووزير الملك اطال الله بقاه
  3. وادام حراسته ونعمته انه يعلم ما وصل كتابه الى به في
  4. حال المسافرين من المراكب وغيرهم وقصد بذلك صلاح
  5. الاحوال وتفضلت الحضرة السامية الاجلية الكريمة ثبت الله سعدها
  6. واطلقت المراكب عن علم منها بما كان امر البلد عليه
  7. من غلو الاسعار فتكلفت المسافرين المشقة وتغلوا
  8. على التجار الى ان جمعوا اليهم اموالهم باسعار غالية
  9. وحاجة الاكشيل داعية الى حفظهم ومراعاتهم في حق
  10. نفوسهم فكيف حال من حقه واجب وخدمته فرض لازم

Recto, right margin

  1. وقد توجه متحملها القائد سعادة كتب الله
  2. سلامته قرابة للقائد النجيب همام الدولة
  3. حامد وكتب الله سلامته والاكشيل
  4. يعلم ما يجب من حفظ اصحابه والزامهم
  5. ومنع من يتعرض اليه باذية ومضرة
  6. او مستخدم يعترضه في
Geoffrey Khan, Arabic Documents from Medieval Nubia (University of Cambridge and Open Book Publishers, 2024).

Recto

  1. In the name of God, the Merciful and Compassionate.
  2. I inform the Ikshīl, the Master of the Horses, the vizier of the king—may God prolong his life,
  3. and cause his protection and wellbeing to endure—that his letter to me has referred to
  4. the condition of the travellers from the boats and of others and that he has striven to ameliorate
  5. this situation and the lofty, most glorious and munificent presence, may God establish his happiness, has graciously
  6. released the boats, in the knowledge of what the country is undergoing
  7. with regard to the rising of prices, for the travellers have experienced hardship and (the prices) have risen
  8. to the disadvantage of the merchants, so that they have acquired goods at high prices.
  9. The Ikshīl, therefore, needs to protect them and care for them in accordance with
  10. their rights, and all the more so since they belong to those whose right (to protection) is obligatory and the service of whom is a compulsory requirement.

Recto, right margin

  1. The bearer (of this letter), the leader Saʿāda, may God decree his abundant
  2. good health, the relative of the noble leader, Hero of the Dynasty,
  3. Ḥāmid, may God decree for him abundant good health, has departed. The Ikshīl
  4. knows what is required with regard to the restraint of his (the Ikshīl’s) companions and the imposition upon them of obligations
  5. and the prevention of those who oppose him (Saʿāda) with harm and damage
  6. or a clerk who hinders him (Saʿāda) with regard to

Unknown (excavation images 1966A_P06_15A-16 and 1966A_P06_16A-17) verso

°
verso

Verso

  1. تسعير او غيره وما حملني على ذلك الا ما يلزمنى في حق صاحب
  2. الخيل وقصدى بشهادة الله استجذاب قلوب الناس كلهم
  3. له وما يخفى عنه ذلك فيصلني كتابه بما اعتمده مع القايد سعادة
  4. من الاكرام الى حين انقضااه شاكرا ان شا الله عز وجل وجوابه [   ] 
  5. يعدل بها عني مع عبيده وخدمته ان شا الله عز وجل
  6. الحمد لله وحده وصلواته على سيدنا محمد نبيه واله وسلام
  7. حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل

Verso, address, right column

  1. للاكشيل وصاحب الخيل ووزير الملك
  2. اروي بن خياخ النائب عن الملك بقلعة ابريم
  3. ادام الله سلامته وحراسته ونعمته

Verso, address, left column

  1. ضل ثقته وشاكر بركته
  2. لامع بن حسن الكنزى

Verso

  1. pricing or anything else. I have been motivated (to write) this only by my obligation for the sake of the Master
  2. of the Horses and my intention, as witnessed by God, to draw the hearts of all the people
  3. to him, so that this is not hidden from him. So, please arrange for his (the eparch’s) letter to be sent to me with authorisation for me to offer the leader Saʿāda
  4. respectful treatment until it (his work) is finished, for which I would be grateful, if God, the Powerful and Glorious, wills. His reply [    ]
  5. would ensure that he would be treated justly in these matters through me by his (the eparch’s) slaves and servants, if God, the Powerful and Glorious, wills.
  6. Praise be to God alone, and His blessings be upon our lord Muḥammad, His prophet, and his family, and peace.
  7. Our sufficiency is God. What a fine keeper is He!

Verso, address, right colum

  1. To the Ikshīl, Master of the Horses, vizier of the king,
  2. Uruwī ibn Khiyākh, the deputy of the king in the citadel of Ibrīm,
  3. may God cause his health, his protection and his wellbeing to endure.

Verso, address, left column

  1. Shadow of his trust and one grateful for his blessing,
  2. Lāmiʿ ibn Ḥasan al-Kanzī