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14,030 results
  1. 1751LetterENA 2742.5

    The person who delivers the letter is one of the Maghreb merchants and he's supposed to send the letter after his visit in Jerusalem. (Information from Gil, Kingdom, Vol. 2, #50) VMR.

    Recto

    1. ותהיו לאלפי רבבה ויסתירכם אלהינו בסתר אהלו אלד[
    2. וקד כאן יקירנו נטרח         דכר אן [ 
    3. אן ישיר עליה באן ינפד מא ישתרא [מן אל]ורק וידפע אלבאקי א…

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  2. 1752Legal documentT-S 13J1.22

    Court archive describing a working woman (an unraveler of silk) from Tyre, Lebanon who possessed a house and was able to pay a bill of twelve dinars over the course of several years, yet claimed in court to be bankrupt and too poor to even buy bread; dated 1091. (S. D. Goitein, Mediterranean Society, 1:128, 430; 2:602; 5:88, 530) EMS

    1. חצר אלי מושב בית דין הגדול ירום הודו ויגדל כבודו כלף בן נתן בן שבת נע וסאל
    2. אן יכשף שימוש לה מתבות עלי חסאנה בת חסן אלסמסאר במבלג יאתי דכרה
    3. פי מכאנה …

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    1 Transcription 1 Discussion

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  3. 1753State documentT-S NS 321.47

    He says he does not have enough money to buy food and that he wishes to return home to his frail mother.

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  4. 1754List or tableT-S 10J11.26 + T-S K25.227 + T-S Ar.44.223 + T-S Ar.18(1).181

    Bishr al-Urjuwānī list building expenditures and revenues from rent pertaining to "the Estate of the Synagogue of the Palestinians" for the years 429 AH = 1037/38 CE and 430 AH = 1038/39 CE. […] The revenue list mentions the first period during which Dār Quṭayt (referred to as "the new compound") was inhabited whereas before it had been empty. The building expenditures refer in part to the synagogue.

    T-S 10J11.26 1 recto

    1. בשמך
    2. תבת מא אונפק פי רבע אלכניסה פי סנה תסע ועש[רין] וארבע מאי[ה]
    Shekhanyā
  5.  and Jacob b. Bishr al-Arjawānī 

  6.  for the work at the hēkhāl of the synagogue: Gypsum, 2 dir. 

  7.  Paid to the guardian of the Estate for improvements of the darb, 4 dir. 

  8. Tags

    1 Transcription 1 Translation 3 Discussions

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  9. 1755LetterT-S 6J6.6

    received word suddenly that the amir is coming for some work tomorrow, which alarmed him because he has not prepared for such a visit. "By my life, if he comes, we will move our אסבת (hides?

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  10. 1756Legal query or responsumT-S 16.40

    India Book (IB) ח93. Legal query written by Ḥalfon b. Netanʾel, possibly from ʿAydhāb, to an unnamed sage (הדרת יקרת אדונינו הרב הגדול יחיד הדור …

    24 אלכמס[י]ן תרגע מן כל [...]

    25 כונהא בת יבום ומרדה וִ[... ואן]

    26 מאתת ולם תשבע [...]

    27 יקת̇צי מחול לך פקט [...]

    Right Margin

    (1) רד (2) אלמאל ולם (3) ידעא תפישתה (4) מח[יי]ם פינעם מולאנא (5) בשרח [גמי]ע דלך שרח (6) שאפי אן [כא]ן10 פרץִ פי מא יגב (7) עלי אלמורדת מן (8) תרך גבאיה חקהא (9) ופי מא תפשה (10) אותו מחיים (11) מן בע̇ץ חקהא (12) ואן כאן מי שתפשה (13) [מחי]יִםִ [מק]צת (14) הל יס[וג11 ...] (15) יُעבר ען דלך (16) מחול לך או (17) אתן לך פי (18) קטע אלנאמנות (19) פיה ואן כאנת (20) הדה אליבמה (21) ילזמהא [ר]דִ (22) אלכמסין (23) דינר (24) אלתי (25) קב̇צתהא ( 26) מן בע̇ץ (27) אלתוספה (28) חס[ב] אלעאדה

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  11. 1757LetterT-S 16.305

    Letter from Yehuda ha-Melammed b. al-Ammani, in Alexandria, to Avraham Maimonides in Fustat. Dated: Adar 1528 Seleucid, which is 1217 CE. Yehuda devotes the bulk …

    1 דלך /[ ] 2 פוקף אלאמר / 3 ולם יבקי / 4 בידהם / 5 חילה / 6 יעמלוהא / 7 פקאל לי / 8 צהרי / 9 ואכי / 10 הדא / 11 אמר / 12 קד טאל / 13 ואנכב / 14 צהרי / 15 וג'א / 16 יבוס / 17 ראסי / 18 וקאל / 19 לי / 20 /אנטִר / 21 לנא / 22 באב / 23 יכון / 24 יסתר / 25 בה / 26 הדה / 27 אלאמור / 28 אלצעבה / 29 פקלת / 30 לה / 31 אדא / 32 קאל / 33 עמי

    The top of verso is torn off.

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  12. 1758Legal documentENA 1691.20

    Qaraite legal testimony (zikhron ʿedut) dated 20 Adar 5442 (=1682 CE), written and signed by Avraham ha-Rofe ben Ṣaʿīr, one of the messengers sent from Jerusalem with news of the barley crop (aviv), together with Mordekhay b. […] The writer notes that, for the first time "in a long time," this means that the calendars of the Rabbanites and the ʿarelim (western Christians? Muslims?) have coincided, while the calendars of the Qaraites and the Franks and Maronites have coincided.

    1. בר
    2. זכרון עדות לבני מקרא יש צו
    3. למא כאן בתאריך יום אלה אלמבארך כ לחדש
    4. אדר סנה התמב ליצירה סימן הושיענו אלהי
    5. ישענו תוגהו אלשלוחים מן ירושלים תותבב
    6. לכשף…

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    1 Transcription

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  13. 1759LetterT-S K25.189

    The sender reports that everything in Egypt is perfect under the ruler (al-Mustanṣir or a vizier?), that new territory is conquered by him every day, that coins have been minted for him, ואלדעוה פי מכות (this phrase is difficult to understand—does it refer to the Fatimid Daʿwa being "in residence"?)

    1. בשמך רחמנא
    2. שומר פתאים ייי ברוך הגבר אשר יבטח בייי וג
    3. כתאבי אליך יאואלדי ויאמולאי אלעזיז עלי אטאל אללה בקאך
    4. ואדאם עזך ותאידך וסעאדתך וסלאמתך ונעמתך
    5. ע…

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  14. 1760LetterT-S 10J11.11

    Letter from a brother admonishing Sitt Ikhtiṣār and Sitt al-Wasṭāniyya to take good care of their mother and younger sister (by pawning something to send them money to buy grain). Note that he addresses the women in one part of the letter but switches to addressing a man in the remainder.

    1. ואן אלערצי ואל . . . . . . . [ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    2. אללה יעלם מא פי קלבי מן צגא [ . . . . . . . ] . . . . . . כנת תם …

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  15. 1761Legal documentBL OR 10589.8 + T-S NS 32.50 + T-S NS 226.145

    With T-S NS 32.50, we now have the right halves of 3 of the original entries and the right halves of 2 new entries. 2 of the entries are now complete (if not entirely clear): “Every woman who wraps a turban or braids her hair [….], even in her own house" and "Every man who is able to marry but does not do so because he is too busy with sinful things."

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  16. 1762Legal documentBodl. MS heb. a 3/26 + JRL Gaster heb. ms 1772/14

    Draft of a court record from the court in Fustat. 1042. In the handwriting of Efrayim b. Shemarya (not Yefet b. David Shekhanya). Regarding the …

    Recto

    1. מעשה שהיה לפנינו אנו בית דין הקבוע במצר[ים]
    2. והזקנים החתומים עדותנו מטה ביום חודש שנת
    3. אלף שלוש מאות חמשים ושלוש שנים למנין שט'
    4. שאנו רגילין למנו…

    I recto

    1. קבלתי
    2. כפי שנדרש בן ישראל לקבול, אל דייני בית ישראל
    3. ואל קהילות ישראל שיפסיק הגולן את גזלתו
    4. והוכחתי לכם בנוכחותכם את הגזל של י…

    Tags

    2 Transcriptions 2 Translations 1 Discussion

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    • 26 verso
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  17. 1763Legal documentJRL Gaster heb. ms 1772/14 + Bodl. MS heb. a 3/26

    Recto: Draft of a court record from the court in Fustat. 1042. In the handwriting of Yefet b. David Shekhanya. See join (and Goitein's translation …

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    • 26 recto
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  18. 1764Literary textT-S AS 167.65 + T-S NS 164.26 + T-S NS 298.57

    T-S AS 167.65 is a Judaeo-Arabic version of Judas's betrayal of Jesus and Jesus's humiliation (e.g., אלהואן אלצאיל) and his imprisonment, mentioning "those who were …

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  19. 1765LetterT-S AS 206.256 + T-S AS 206.271 + T-S AS 206.260

    Letter fragment in Hebrew, written in a high register, mourning the illness (keʾev) and/or other sufferings (yissurim) that have afflicted the 'foundation of the generaiton, …

    No Scholarship Records

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  20. 1766Legal documentT-S 12.694

    Dated Shevat 1450 Seleucid = January/February 1139 CE, under the authority of Maṣliaḥ Gaʾon. (This is the latest known document to invoke the authority of Maṣliaḥ Gaʾon before his death.)

    1. שהדותא דהות באנפנא אנן שהדי דחתימין חתמות ידנא לתתא כן הוה בחדש שבט דשנת אלפא וארבע מאה וחמשין שנין
    2. לשטרות בפסטאט מצרים דעל נילוס נהרא מותבה רשותיה …

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  21. 1767LetterT-S 10J29.8

    Mentions preoccupation due to news about ships; one arrived which had apparently been captured by Byzantines (and escaped?). Discusses payments to Abū Naṣr and requests further details about what the sender should buy for the addressee. Asks to be informed the prices of oil and soap.

    Recto

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . מולאי וריסי וגלילי אטאל אללה בק[אה] . . . . . . . . . . ומן . .
    2. . . . . . . . . . . ת . . . . .נצף סיון ערפך אללה ברכת…

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  22. 1768Legal documentBodl. MS heb. c 13/25 + Bodl. MS heb. c 13/26 + T-S K10.4

    Note that Goitein treats Bodl. MS heb. c 13/25–26 and Bodl. MS heb. c 13/27–28 as if they are pieces of the same ketubba.

    Tags

    1 Discussion

    • 25 verso
    • 26 recto
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  23. 1769Legal query or responsumT-S Misc.26.1 + ENA NS 5.1 + ENA NS 5.2 + T-S 8G1

    Copy of a Gaon’s responsum (possibly R. Hayya Gaon) that includes details about the house of Bustenai and an answer regarding the status of the …

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  24. 1770List or tableENA NS 77.337

    Currency: banādiqa (=Venetian coins).

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  25. 1771LetterCUL Or.1080 J4

    Amram, Fustat, mentioning the successful visit of Eli ha-Kohen ha-Ḥaver b. Yehezkel in Fustat on behalf of the Yeshiva.

    ULC Or 1080 J 4, ed. Gil, Palestine, Pt. 2, pp. 692-693 (Doc. #376),C.T., 6-24-86 (P)

    1. בשמך רח
    2. ירבה אלהינו את שלום נכבדנו וחשובנו וח[ברנו ]
    3. החבר המעו…

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  26. 1772LetterMoss. II,135.3

    Mentions a woman who is all alone; the addressee should urge her family to come visit her. (Information in part from CUDL)

    Recto, upper margin:

    1. תכץ אכו]תי וכואתי וגמיע אולאדהם
    2. ענ]י באתם סלאם וגמיע מן סאל
    3. עני אלסלאם
    4. ] . . וצאחבה ביתנא סת אל
    5. שאם בנת בן הבה
    6. תכצכם באלסלאם
    7. ] …

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  27. 1773LetterT-S Misc.35.20

    Replying to a letter where the leader expressed his intention to visit the congregation. The sender mentions that the scholar Meʾir b. Barukh of France had commended the Nasi to the local community, and that all the scholars would be there to meet the visitor. (Information from CUDL)

    Address (fol. 2, verso)

    1. אל שער יקרת צפירת תפארת מרינו ורבנו אדונינו נשיאנו נשיא
    2. גליות כל יש אביר התעודה מלך העדה רבנו יהוד הנשיא הרב על
    3. כל בני מזרח …

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  28. 1774Legal documentBL OR 6356.1–16

    Location: Cairo. Dated 26 Adar 5443 AM, which is 1683 CE. (Document #29) Delayed purchase agreement for the same property as the previous two entries, shares in an upper-story apartment (PGPID 40905, PGPID 40906).

    Verso

    :(Documents 27-29) Folio 7v

    1. בכלל נב.תה(?) שלשה רביעי חזקת ומלך העלייה הנז׳ ככתוב בשטר הכתוב שזמנו בהם ששי שמנה ימים
    2. לחדש טבת הנז׳ והר׳ בנימן ש…

    1 Transcription

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  29. 1775LetterT-S 12.377

    He inquires briefly about commercial dealings before insisting that there is no need for his mother to trouble herself with coming to visit. If she wishes to give him the fabric, they can simply send it with Safi, and if she wishes to tell him in person about the illness of his sister, then she should simply write the news in a letter: “There is no shame in that; people are accustomed to writing the secrets of people in letters and sending them.”

    1. בש רח וח
    2. ויאמ]ר שלום לכם וג׳ חסדי ייי כי לא תמנו //וג׳// בונה ירושלים וג׳
    3. ייי עוז וג
    4. כ]תאבי אטאל אללה בקאכם ואדאם פי עלו אלמראתב סמוכם
    5. וארתקאכם ומן …

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    2 Transcriptions 1 Discussion

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  30. 1776LetterCUL Or.1081 J8

    Letter of appeal in the name of an old woman, whose mantle was stolen while she was about to wash it in the Nile, asking the community in a well-styled address to help her to buy at least a large shawl. She emphasizes her age and frailty and eye disease as the reason why she cannot help herself.

    1. בש רח
    2. אשריכם זורעי על כל מים משלחי רגל ה והח
    3. אשרי שומרי משפט עושה צדקה בכל עת
    4. ציון במשפט תפדה ושביה בצדקה
    5. אעלם מואלי אלדיאנין נר ואלגמאעה ברוכים
    6. יהי…

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  31. 1777LetterENA 2805.5

    Natan also mentions a medicinal syrup that he has asked Abū l-Afrāḥ to buy him. ASE.

    recto

    1. כתאבי אטאל אללה בקא מולאי אלשיך ואדאם תאידה וסלאמתה ונעמאה וכבת

    2. אעדאה מן אלמסתקר לז בקי מן אדר ראשון כתבה אללה עלינ[א ו]עליך באחסן

    3. כאתמה …

    recto

    1. אני כותב לך, אדוני ורבי, ייתן לך אלוהים אריכות ימים ויתמיד את עזרתו לך ואת שלומך ואת חסדיו לך ויכה את
    2. אויביך, מהבית, בכ"ד באדר ראשון, יחתום או…

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    3 Transcriptions 1 Translation

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  32. 1778LetterMoss. IV,27.2

    Their mother is going to pay a visit to Sitt 'Abid, Sitt Aqran, while their father is going to pay a visit to Abu ‘Ali and al-As‘ad (family members of ‘Imrān’s wife?)

    Recto

    1. יאכי ואללה קלבנא כלנא ענדך ואשגלת קלבנא בעאקה כתבך ואמרתי //לך// הגיד לי דבר הנימול
    2. ולא שלחתה ואמך בלסאעה תחב תכרג אליך לאגל עאקה כתבך ועמך ע…

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    2 Transcriptions

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  33. 1779Legal documentT-S 16.148 + Moss. VII,4.2

    Manṣur handed him (Menashshe) some dinars to weigh, and Menashshe found among them 15 or 17 ʿAdliyya dinars, which frightened him, as such coins weren't available to the public. He weighed them and handed them to the Muslims in payment for the flax, and later asked one of the Muslims to exchange three or four of the dinars with him, despite his earlier fear. […] Manṣūr replied: "I told him that I didn't have any more of these coins, but had borrowed them from my brother," Maʿālī.

    Tags

    1 Transcription 1 Discussion

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  34. 1780LetterT-S AS 157.68 + T-S AS 157.67

    Dating: likely 15th century, based on the mention of the nuṣf fiḍḍa (first coined in 1415). Containing a very rich story of (marital?)

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  35. 1781Legal documentENA 3965.1

    Mentions names such as Fāṭima (the buyer?) and the two sellers ʿĀbidīn b. Ibrāhīm al-Khawlī and Aḥmad b. [...] b. […] The transaction takes place in ghurūsh/guruş, a silver coin minted by the Ottoman Empire as early as 1690 CE but did not reach wide circulation until 1703 CE, and one piastre/guruş hypothetically equaled 40 para/medin.

    Tags

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  36. 1782List or tableT-S J1.37

    Some accounts are related to building expenses(?). One entry on the verso mentions a Jewish legal "apotropos" guardianship for an orphan "אפוטרופוס יתום נעים" (based on the manner in which other names are written in these accounts "Naʿīm" is likely a firstname). […] The mention of the latter coinage type makes it possible to estimate this document's dating as post-1425 CE (which matches the 15th-16th-century paleography).

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  37. 1783LetterAIU VII.D.108

    Abū Zikrī's brother-in-law is attempting to mediate a settlement involving a transfer of 20 gold coins and 800 qelafim (sheets of parchment?), which have already been sent with Nissim b.

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  38. 1784Legal documentT-S NS 321.79 + T-S 13J4.5

    He later wrote, "The 62 Kāmilī fulūs were dirhems and not copper coins and were regarded as an equivalent of 9 Nāṣirī dirhems plus customs dues paid to the makkāsīn Miṣr, the customs officials of Fusṭāṭ.

    1. ] מטה מן אלשיך אבו מנצור כגק מר ור אלעזר הבחור ה[
    2. ] הזקן היקר הידוע באבן זבקלה סט קנין שלם בכלי הכשר [
    3. ] בלי [אונ]ס כלל בביטול כל מודעין ותנאין אן ע…

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    2 Transcriptions 1 Discussion

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  39. 1785Literary textT-S NS 126.39 + ENA 3368.4 + T-S NS 103.9 + T-S NS 146.73

    Piyyuṭ written on a long rotulus. Blank verso. Refers to the trembling of various prophets before God. The first three fragments join directly; T-S NS …

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  40. 1786Legal documentT-S NS 264.27 + T-S AS 145.360 + T-S NS 224.181 + T-S 12.537

    Marriage contract. Location: Fustat. Dated: Sunday, 20 Sivan 1609 Seleucid, which is 1298 CE. The bride agrees to live wherever (in Egypt) her husband chooses, …

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    1 Discussion

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  41. 1787Literary textT-S NS 264.27 + T-S NS 224.181 + T-S AS 145.360 + T-S 12.537

    Poem(s) in Judaeo-Arabic containing advice for the lovesick, written as a faux medical prescription. In the hand of Nāṣir al-Adīb al-ʿIbrī. The recto contains a …

    Column 1

    1. אלעזת לאלאה וחדהו
    2. אוציכמו סאיר אלעאשקין בטאעת אלמ[ל]אח
    3. אגמעין וכרו בין ידיהם סאגדין ואקטעו אלשך
    4. בליקין וקולו אלחמד ללאה רב אלעאלמין אלדי
    5. מן…

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  42. 1788Legal documentT-S 12.539 + T-S 16.66

    Deed of release. Location: Fustat. Dated: 1277 Seleucid = 965/66 CE. Granted by Natan b. Yaʿaqov b. Shaʿbūn (שעבון) to Ḥasan b. ʿEli ha-Kohen, declaring …

    25. ותנאין ומודעין שלמודעין עד סוף כל מודעין שמסרתי אני נתן בן יעקב ושעתיד

    26. למסור על שטר שובר זה כולם ביטלתים בפניכם מעכשיו בכל לשונות שאמרו

    27. חכמים שבוטלין בהן מודעין ותנאין וקיבלתי עלי נתן בן יעקב ועל יורשי

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  43. 1789LetterCUL Or.1080 J77

    (Information from Mediterranean Society, I, p. 106, and from Goitein's index cards) Some of the colors mentioned include silver (l. 23, 24, 31), red (l. 26), green (l. 26), blood of a gazelle (damm ghazāl - l. 31), olive (zeytī - l. 24), and kohl (l. 28). […] For textiles without writing, see l. 21, 26, 31. It also mentions document with shawāhid (possibly a reference to a pattern in the shape of tombstones). The writer requests a textile with "shawāhid like the one in al-sifsārī" (l. 26–27) or "shawāhid like al-fisāsārī without writing" (l. 30).

    1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]עלי ידי דנון שיכי וסידי
    2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …

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  44. 1790Legal documentYevr.-Arab. I 328

    Legal record (#108) in a court register/pinqas from a Karaite beit din in Cairo (on f. 35v of Yevr.-Arab. I 328). Dated 26 Tevet 5326 AM (1565 CE). Document entry draft that was aborted in the second line with only a partial name visible: Jālīya bt.

    Yevr.-Arab. I 328, folio 35v

    1. למא] כאן בתא׳ לילה אן יספר צבאחהא נהאר אלארבעה כ׳׳ז כסליו סנה ה׳ש׳כ׳ו׳ ליצירה
    2. חצל תואפק ותראצי בארושים מן יצחק א׳ אלמר׳…

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  45. 1791LetterT-S 8J21.23

    Mentioning the currency nuṣṣ (= nuṣf, which generally refers to the muʾayyadi first coined in 1415 CE) and Ar. arsala for ‘to send’, thus dating to the 15th century or later (as opposed to Goitein who estimated 13th century).

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  46. 1792LetterT-S 20.119

    Mentions Istanbul (verso, l. 15) and the currency ashrafī (recto, l. 20) which was first coined in 1425 CE. Many greetings to relatives. (Information in part from Goitein's index card and CUDL.)

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  47. 1793LetterBL OR 5566B.30

    "For studying at home I received 25 dinars, on condition that I do not leave the house—even to visit the public bathhouse. Dear brother, you cannot imagine what I suffer by being separated from you and from our friend the Devil (Abū Murra), the Bird of Jinnies (ʿUsfūr al-Jinn)...."

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  48. 1794LetterT-S 8J18.3

    This letter recounts the writer's visit to a woman who owed him 10 mithqāls, but he found her sick.

    Recto

    1. עמאדי אלאעצ'ם אטאל אללה בקאך ואדאם עזך מא ביננא אעזך אללה
    2. <<גנאני>> מן אלאדלאל יוג'ב אלאסתרסאל ואנא אדאם אללה עזך ענת לי
    3. אליך חאג'ה אגב מן פצ'…

    recto

    1. (אל) סומכי הגדול ביותר, יאריך ה' את חייך ויתמיד את יקרך. האהבה בינינו – ייתן לך ה' יקר –
    2. <<פוטרת אותי>> מלהביא ראיות המחייבות הרחבת הדיבור. וא…

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  49. 1795LetterT-S NS 324.142

    The community of Aden wishes for the visit of the addressee, and they congratulate him on something to do with Alexandria and somebody who was arrested.

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  50. 1796List or tableJRL C 20

    The calculations cover a wide array of coinage types such as "נמס קטעה / Austria coin" and the Ottoman gold "פנדוקלי / fındıklı". When this wide variation in coinage types is read in connection with the heading's opening words "עלם צאפי / purity notice" it seems that this document may have been issued by a money assayer.

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  51. 1797List or tableJRL C 154

    List in Judaeo-Arabic of coinage types and monetary calculations. Based on the mintage of its contents the list is 18th/19th-century.The types of coinage include gold mahbub, qit'a "קוטע", rub'iye "רובעיה", silver "פצה" (medin), and "fransa" "פרנסה" (likely some sort of French coinage).

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  52. 1798Legal documentT-S AS 145.208

    There is probably a gap of at least ~20 years between original use and reuse, as Hillel b. ʿEli's latest dates are long before Maṣliaḥ Gaʾon's earliest dates.

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  53. 1799Legal documentT-S NS 308.114

    Moshe ha-Levi. (This is the latest known document to invoke the authority of Netanel, though he was still alive in 1169 CE, as we learn from Bodl.

    1. למא כאן פי אלעשר אלאוסט מחדש מרחשון שנת אלפא וארבע מאה ושבעין ותמניא
    2. שנין לשטרות בפסטאט מצרים דעל נילוס נהרא מותבא רשותיה דהדרת יקרת
    3. צפירת מרינו ורב…

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  54. 1800List or tableENA 3361.11

    Verso: Accounts with various types of coinage and goods mentioned. Likely dating to the sixteenth century on the basis of numismatic evidence. Two of the accounts mention "Brahīmī" coinage alongside bunduqī (gold ducats) and fiḍḍa (possibly medin). The term "Brahīmī" could be a reference to coinage that was minted during or after Avraham Castro's tenure as overseer of the Ottoman mint in Cairo (1520-1524 CE).

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